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Questions
Why has no African language survived in a fully
functional form in the Caribbean?
What are the formal characteristics of African
linguistic survivals in the Caribbean? Or, more
specifically: In what semantica domains do we
find lexical survivals ? And in what areas of
grammar have "Africanisms" been noted?
Read at least 1 article from each of these sets
and consult the African language maps:
1. Lexicon
Baker, Philip(19992) Assessing the African contribution
to French-based creoles. In: Salikoko Mufwene(ed)
Africanisms in Afro-American language varieties.
Athens; University of Georgia Press, 123-155
Koefoed, Geert & Jacqueline Tarenskeen (1996)
The making of languages from a lexical point of
view. In herman Wekker (ed) Creole languages and
Language Acquisition. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
119-138.
Kouwenberg, Silvia(forthcoming) The Ijo derived
lexicon of Berbice Dutch Creole: an a-typical
case of African lexical influence. In: Angela
Bartents & Philip Baker (eds) African words
and calques in Creoles and transplanted European
languages; London: Battlebridge.
2. Basic concepts
Boretzky, Norbert (1993) The concept of rule,
rule borrowing and substrate influence in Creole
languages. IN: Salikoko Mufwene (ed) Africanisms
in Afro-American language varieties Athens: University
of Georgia Press 74-92
Carrington, Lawrence(1993) On the notion of "Africanism"
in Afro-American. In Salikoko Mufwene(ed) Africanisms
in Afro-American language varieties. Athens: University
of Georgia Press 35-46.
Hazel-Massieux, Guy(1993) The African filter
in the genesis of Guadeloupean creole. In Salikoko
Mufwene (ed) Africanisms in Afro-American language
varieties. Athens University of Georgia Press
109-122
3. Case Studies
Lefebvre, Claire(2001) Relexification in creole
genesis and its effects on the development of
the creole. In. Norval Smith & Tonjes Veenstra
(eds) Creolization and Contact. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins, 9-42
Schwegler, Armin (2002) On the (African) origins
of Palenquero subject pronouns. Diachronica 19,
273-332
Singler, John V. (1993) African influence upon
Afro-American language varieties: a consideration
of sociohistorical factors. In Salikoko Mufwene
(ed) Africanisms in Afro-American language varieties.
Athens: University of Georgia Press, 235-253.
Smith, Norval(2001) Voodoo chile: differential
substrate effects in Saramaccan and Haitian. In
Norval Smith & Tonjes Veenstra (eds) Creolization
and Contact. AmsterdamL John Benjamins, 43-80.
Warner-Lewis, Maureen(1990) Trinidad Yoruba:
a language of exile. International Journal of
the Sociology of Language 85, 9-20
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